Macro level mixing - Physical processing

Macro-level mixing topics covered here describe how the flow pattern generated by the impeller or impellers affects the dispersion of gas bubbles within the vessel. The discussion of the quality of the gas distribution, which includes flooding, minimum, intermediate, and uniform gas distribution, belongs here. The description of the sparging or gas introduction device and how it affects gas handling is also a topic here. Spargers include sparge pipes, lances, sparge rings, sparge plates and caps, and shaft induction spargers. Other parameters that affect the gas dispersion are impeller power, isothermal gas expansion power, superficial gas velocity, specific volumetric gas flow rate (vvm), pressure, and temperature. The gas hold-up is also a major topic in this mixing category. Boiling is quite different from the dispersion of a continuously forced gas stream, but also is discussed here.

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